The European Commission has launched new proceedings under the Digital Markets Act (DMA), aimed at guiding Apple on how to fulfill its interoperability obligations.
These two “specification proceedings,” focused on iOS and iPadOS, are expected to conclude within six months.
The DMA mandates that Apple must offer third parties “free and effective interoperability” with the hardware and software features governed by iOS and iPadOS. The EU is now stepping in to clarify what that entails.
“Today marks the first time we are using specification proceedings under the DMA to help Apple comply with its interoperability obligations through constructive dialogue,” said Margrethe Vestager, the outgoing EU competition chief.
“Our goal is to ensure fair and open digital markets. Effective interoperability, particularly with smartphones and their operating systems, plays a key role in this effort.”
The Commission emphasized that Apple is required to provide third-party developers and businesses with free and effective access to hardware and software features controlled by iOS and iPadOS.
The first specification proceeding will focus on how Apple’s iOS handles interoperability with devices such as headphones, smartwatches, and virtual reality headsets, especially in areas like notifications, device pairing, and connectivity.
While the EU has not specified exact targets, it may address common complaints such as the lack of true Bluetooth multipoint support for AirPods or the inability of Garmin watch users to send quick replies when paired with an iPhone.
Although AirPods may not directly fall within this scope, the Commission’s focus could clarify the boundaries.
The second proceeding will examine how Apple manages interoperability requests from third-party developers who wish to integrate their products with iOS and iPadOS devices.
In a statement, Apple indicated that it has already introduced secure ways for developers to request additional iPhone and iPad interoperability.
However, the company warned that compromising the system protections it has built could jeopardize the security of European consumers.
The European Commission plans to communicate its preliminary findings to Apple, outlining the steps the company should take to comply with the DMA’s interoperability requirements. This summary will also be published for public feedback from third parties.
If Apple fails to meet the obligations, it could eventually face penalties of up to 10% of its global annual revenue—though such fines would only follow a lengthy investigation into non-compliance.
Apple was designated as a “gatekeeper” under the DMA in September last year, alongside other tech giants like Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, and Alphabet.
As gatekeepers, these large platforms are seen as providing essential services that can significantly affect market competition.
